Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common condition that affects the health of your gums and can lead to serious dental issues if untreated. But what causes gum disease? As any dental professional will confirm, the primary cause is plaque—a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on your teeth due to poor oral hygiene.

If left unchecked, it can progress from gingivitis, a mild form of gum disease, to periodontitis, resulting in tooth loss. Understanding what causes gum disease, how to prevent it, and the best treatments available can help you maintain optimal oral health.

example of gum disease

Ask a Dental Professional: What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum disease typically results from plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on the teeth. When plaque isn’t removed by daily brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. The bacteria in plaque and tartar can cause inflammation of the gums, leading to gum disease.

Other factors that can contribute to gum disease include:

Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease

Gum disease often develops slowly, and many people are unaware they have it until it becomes more severe. Common signs of gum disease include:

man in front of mirror with mouthwash

How to Prevent Gum Disease

The good news is that gum disease is largely preventable with proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. Here are some simple yet effective ways to keep your gums healthy:

1. Brush Your Teeth Twice a Day

Brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste helps remove plaque from the surface of your teeth and along the gumline. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush for at least two minutes, covering all areas of the mouth.

2. Floss Daily

Flossing is crucial for removing plaque and food particles between your teeth, and under the gumline, areas that brushing can’t reach. Flossing at least once a day helps prevent gum disease and tooth decay.

3. Use Mouthwash

An antibacterial mouthwash can help reduce the bacteria that cause gum disease. Choose a mouthwash with ingredients like fluoride or chlorhexidine, which help protect against plaque buildup.

4. Maintain a Healthy Diet

Eating a well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly calcium and vitamin C, can help strengthen your gums and teeth. Limit sugary snacks and drinks, as they contribute to plaque formation.

5. Visit Your Dentist Regularly

Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are essential for preventing gum disease. Your dentist can remove tartar buildup and detect any early signs of gum problems, providing treatment before the condition worsens.

6. Quit Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for gum disease, as it weakens the immune system and makes it harder for your gums to heal. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce gum disease risk and improve oral health.

How to Treat Gum Disease

If gum disease has already developed, don’t worry—effective treatments are available. The sooner it’s addressed, the better your chances of reversing the damage and preserving your oral health through gum disease treatment.

1. Professional Dental Cleanings

For early-stage gum disease (gingivitis), professional dental cleaning may be enough to reverse the condition. Your dentist or dental hygienist will remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line, helping to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage.

2. Scaling and Root Planing

Scaling and root planing are often recommended for more advanced gum disease (periodontitis). This deep cleaning procedure involves removing plaque and tartar from deep pockets between the teeth and gums, then smoothing the root surfaces to help the gums reattach to the teeth.

3. Antibiotics

Sometimes, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help fight the infection caused by gum disease. These can be applied directly to the gum pockets or taken orally to reduce bacterial growth and inflammation.

4. Laser Therapy

Laser therapy is a less invasive option for treating gum disease. It targets and removes the infected tissue, promoting the healing of the gums without the need for traditional surgery.

5. Gum Surgery

Surgery may be necessary for severe cases of gum disease where the gums have significantly receded or the bone has been damaged. Procedures such as flap surgery or bone grafts can help repair the damage and restore gum health.

woman sitting in dentists chair

The Importance of Early Intervention

Catching gum disease early is key to preventing it from progressing into a more serious condition that can affect your overall health. Periodontitis has been linked to other health issues, such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory problems.

Addressing gum disease in its early stages can prevent complications and keep teeth and gums healthy for life.

Take Control of Your Gum Health Today

Preventing and treating gum disease requires daily oral hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, and regular dental care. At Access Dental, we are committed to helping you maintain a beautiful, healthy smile.

Whether you’re looking to prevent gum disease or need treatment for a current issue, our experienced team is here to provide the personalized care you deserve. Don’t wait until gum disease becomes a serious problem. Schedule an appointment with Access Dental today for a thorough dental exam and professional cleaning. Let us help you take the first step toward healthier gums and a brighter smile.